Apples Management Strategies

Apples Management Strategies In a highly competitive environment such as the computer and technology industry, the structure of an organization needs to balance the benefits of a free and creative workforce all the while employing rigid guidelines to ensure cost control and efficiency. Apple Computer tried to accomplish this grey area of management when they restructured the organization in 1992. While some of the techniques they implemented looked promising, others appeared as if they were not going to solve their current problems. To facilitate creativity in generating new and unique products, Scully will articulate a far-sighted vision very broadly, at a 50,000 foot level and leave the lower level managers and workers to fill in the blanks. While it is important for Scully to allow the engineers freedom in generating ideas for new products, he may be allowing them too much freedom. Without providing the lower level workers certain specifications and milestones, they will surely overshoot their budget and miss deadlines. To ensure that these milestones are met, Scully should provide them with a semi-rigid guideline for the development, yet still allowing wiggle room for creativity that will distinguish their products in the market. The freedom that is allowed for creativity at Apple also has the potential for abuse. The current structure is lacking boundary controls that define what behaviors will be tolerated and which behaviors are prohibited. These controls should be carefully chosen by upper management and designed to facilitate creativity and boost employee morale, yet keep the workers behavior professional and goal oriented. Recently, upper management has received negative feedback in surveys from the companys employees. We feel that the upper management at Apple is too inexperienced and that it should be comprised of workers promoted from within the company. The average senior manager has only been with the company for 5.5 years, when many of the lower level employees have been with the company for double that amount of time. This may be leading to the decrease in employee morale, thus resulting in them losing the drive they need to keep Apple innovative and profitable. Apples employees are adequately educated and know the products as well, if not better, than most of management, and may potentially lead to the subordinates undermining any recommendations made by their seniors. Compensation and bonuses are a main incentive for exceptional performance and motivation at Apple. While the goals and measures that the bonuses are based upon are aligned with Apples long term goals, we feel that lower level employees bonuses are based on goals that they are not responsible for attaining. For instance, a line worker certainly does not have great control over the companys market share, just as a marketer has no influence over any product flaws that engineering may have missed. Each division should have their own independent measures to determine bonuses. These measures should only consist of goals that they have direct control over. If an employees bonus is dependent on a goal that their job affects, it gives them incentive to excel at their respective duties in the organization. Senior managements compensation on the other hand, should be based on all of ACPIs, as they are responsible for the success of the organization as a whole. Apples new strategy calls for an increase in productivity, which often can mean an increase in speed. Though it was said that Apple remained a very pleasant place to work: its offices were bright, modern, high-tech buildings. The atmosphere was still casual, reflecting the California lifestyle of many of the employees. And the companys historically strong, individualistic culture was reinforced by Apples own technology. It seemed that even though people still enjoyed the environment, they did not necessarily still love the work. One manager said people were being pushed to the limits; long hours and limited resources were leading to burnouts.' The issue here is that to increase productivity the correct way means an increase in efficiency. Most people agreed that the new system had not fundamentally reengineered anything; they were simply having employees work harder with fewer resources. Apple was used to an informal style and not used to employees feeling overworked. Apples people management seemed to be letting its people down. A 1992 Survey suggested that the vast majority of employees perceived that the company did not invest in its workforce and that executive management was not concerned about their future. It also suggested that most employees believed that Apples best people had been passed over for a promotion. Apple was supposed to be a place that people longed to work for. Now it has become a place where employees are unhappy and with the rapid growth new employees were often promoted with little time to develop appropriate management skills. John Sculley often emphasized the importance of leadership. Shortly after he announced his long term view of the organization in a companywide meeting, he released his public view of management: Capable leadership is essential to Apples immediate and long-term success. Thoughtful planning and execution of executive capabilities will be a strategic edge for Apple as we move forward. With all the new management positions due to the rapid growth, this capable leadership began to be questioned. We have learned that there are many ways in which managers can positively affect organizational culture. The way that employees were currently being hired did not seem to use these techniques. Part of the reason that the managers were lacking the proper skills could be because they were not hired based on their value or belief in the new strategy. If the practices are going to be consistent throughout an organization it must promote people whose values are consistent with the companys culture. In order to fix this problem and ensure the successful management of Apple, the manager in charge of getting managers ready for their job sat down with each general manager and created a list of core competencies needed for that division. These would align with the new strategy for the most part; however there was a new focus. The new focus was one that had never been used before, customer focus. It is interesting that in the middle of implementing this new strategy that seemed to be centered on higher productivity, lower prices and product development they would stress the importance of customer focus to all their general managers. This, though not exactly a poor decision, is inconsistent with the other ways that the company went about executing this new strategy. Until this point it had been about increasing productivity with longer hours, rapid growth and successful promotions. After the 1992 survey that showed no improvement in the previous year, it is easy to see that a change was needed. Customer focus seemed to be that change. The reason this inconsistent change was needed was because Apple managers did not believe they had the time to allow the original plan to work. A quality manager was quoted saying We cant wait three to ten years to get results. We wont be alive if we wait that long. As a group, our consulting firm has provided you with several solutions to these ongoing problems at Apple. Our solutions relate to four problem areas at the firm; compensation, promotion, communication, and creativity. Make compensation and bonuses in line with attainable goals. A line workers bonus needs to be attributed to the job he is performing and the goals which go along with that job. The Senior V.P. Secretary is getting his bonus because the RD team has spent 80 hours a week all year cranking out new ideas and products. It doesnt seem fair that the rewards are not in line with the work done to achieve them. Operational level divisions bonuses based on performance, length of time with the company, end of year evaluations done by management. Upper managements bonuses should be based on ACPIs as a cohesive whole since they are responsible for the marketing and final decision making. The company should not cut salary and switch to a commission based pay method. If the Apple wants to improve their gross margin, they need to find other ways to cut costs rather than screw over their employees. If employees feel like they are so far stretched beyond their means and burnt out, they will lose their motivation and drive to do the job they love. This can essentially push employees to stop caring about the end product and companys goals because they are so burnt out from trying to reach these unattainable goals. If you allow them to be creative and just give them simple structure and guidelines as well as some direction, they will still be able to think freely and meet overall goals. Promote from within Management has handed out promotions to employees who may have been unqualified, or may never have worked for the company before. We believe internally advertised job openings would be a better way to make promotions, this way anyone who felt qualified for a position could apply. Other people can make recommendations for co-workers who they feel would also be suitable and qualified to take on that new position. A requirement for the management position will be the Apple University Manager training potential new managers with the Executive readiness program. Rather than simply have this be a review process, they can turn this into a training session. This would help management pass down the organizational vision, image, and voice of the company. The managers will all be trained in a standardized format so everyone works on the same page. The way that Apple had previously promoted employees had significantly decreased their employees morale and made it difficult for them to respect their managers. With a system that allows for more promotion within the company with seniority taken into consideration there will more than likely maintain their culture and dedication to the company. When a large company makes quick management modification and changes, culture can easily be the largest factor affected. Therefore, it is imperative that Apple does whatever they can to maintain a strong culture. A strong part of the group (consensus) feeling gives way to a strong culture, as well as assist in increasing employee morale. Communication Top-Down and Bottom-Up Meeting in San Jose would have been easier to communicate the strategy if they hadnt waited until there were already problems. They would have better off communicating in this style every quarter. This way, employees can give recommendations and ideas to upper management. Managers also need to be qualified and ready to manage. Without management skills there can be a lack of effective communication and implementation. With the proper training and qualifications, managers will have the ability to communicate company ideas and direction in the best way possible to their employees. Promotion from within allows the manager to have pre-existing relationships with co-workers and other employees. They will feel more comfortable talking to them, as well as realize the importance and necessity of communication in the organization. Quarterly meetings with all employees to communicate vision to the entire organization rather than only having the top managers know exactly what is going on and the specific directions theyre headed. Creativity Due to the company wanting to crank out new technology at a faster than ever speed, this has completely stifled employees ability to come up with new products at their own pace and expertise. By forcing the new structure, incentives, performance and commission-based pay, people are not given the same freedom to be creative. There was a sudden change in the company through establishing rules, lowering autonomy, concentration on improving the profits, and constantly having new managers who are not qualified nor trained for the position. This places a large shock value on employees who are used to working so freely and creatively. We think a more productive and efficient method of finding new ideas and technology would be a similar concept to the process IDEO uses. Group think brainstorming sessions for the RD department to boost creativity and piggy-back launch even more creative ideas. We want to instill the idea that it is ok for RD ideas to fail, but the important part is for the employees to take risks and generate as many ideas as possible to throw on the table for discussion. Apples new strategy was good in theory, but it was riddled with implementation problems. Promotion, communication, creativity, and compensation methods all appeared as if they were overlooked when Apple developed their new strategy. Our solutions to these problems should provide a smoother transition for the company, all the while boosting employee morale and productivity.

Business-to-business and B2b E-marketplace

Closing Case Study One When you’re Big, You Can Be Your own B2B E-Marketplace. Question 1 :- Volkwagen operates its own proprietary B2B e-marketplace in which its suppliers participate. What are the disadvantages to Volkswagen of not using a generic B2B e-marketplace with even more suppliers? What are the advantages to Volkswagen of developing and using its own proprietary B2B e-marketplace? Answer :- The disadvantages to Volkswagen of not using a generic B2B e-marketplace with even more suppliers is difficult for organization to search an e-marketplace for suitable suppliers and then enter into negotiations outside the e-marketplace.This happen for organizations needing to purchase millions of dollar in inventory, parts, or raw materials, and it occurs for organizations wanting to establish a long-term relationship with just one supplier. Relationships among businesses in B2B are very important. These relationships, characterized by trust and continuity, extend to the IT real m. In the B2B business model, you must provide a level of integration of your IT systems with those of your business partners.The advantages to Volkswagen of developing and using its own proprietary B2B e-marketplace because they spend the money with suppliers, so that its can open and run their own B2B e-marketplace. Volkswagen handles 90% of Volkswagen global purchases. Almost all request for quotes, contract negotiations, catalogue updating and buying, purchase-order management, vehicle program managements, and payment are handled electronically and online through VWgroupsupply. com.Volkswagen Ag offers eight brands of automobiles Volkswagen (passenger), Volkswagen Commercials Vehicles, Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Seat, and Skoda. Volkswagen spent almost 60billion euro, or approximately $77billion, on components, automotive parts, and MRO materials for its manufacturing operations. Question 2 :- When the Volkswagen needs a new part design, it uses VWsupplygroup. com to g et its suppliers involved in the design process early. This creates a tremendous amount of interorganizational collaboration.What are the advantages to the suppliers and to Volkswagen in doing so? Answer :- The advantages to the suppliers and to Volkswagen in doing so to creates tremendous amount of interorganizataional collaborations is as a supplier to other businesses, you also need to understand whether you are selling in a horizontal or vertical e-marketplace. The electronic marketplace is an interactive business providing a central market space where multiple buyers and suppliers can engage in e-commerce and other e-commerce business activities.E-marketplace features a variety of implementations including value-added networks providers, horizontal e-marketplace, and vertical e-marketplaces. Horizontal e-marketplace is an electronic marketplace that connects buyers and sellers across many industries, primarily MRO materials commerce. MRO materials include a broad of range of bo th products and services including office suppliers, travel, shipping and some financial services. Question 4 :- To make effective purchasing decisions, Volkswagen’s purchasing agents need business intelligence.What kind of business intelligence does iPad provide to purchasing agents for carrying out their tasks? What additional kinds of business intelligence not discussed in the case could Volkswagen’s purchasing agents take advantage of to make more effective decisions? Answer :- An Volkswagen has, in essence, created a system that brings the necessary information to the purchasing agents. This new system within VWgroupsupply. com is called iPad, or internal Purchasing Agent Desk. Its use for purchase order for a vehicles front module had to use numerous separate systems to complete the process.Retrieve information from suppliers system and its database, query information in Volkswagen’s internal parts information system, obtain information from a request-for- quotes database, enter information into a contact-negotiation transcript system, and interact with several other systems and databases. The purchasing agent had to log into and use seven separate systems. Analysis revealed that Volkswagen purchasing agents were spending 70% of their time finding, retrieving, analyzing, validating, and moving information. Question 5 :- IPAD manages the workflow for purchasing agents.Describes how iPad manages this process including information provided, steps to be executed, and the presentation of information. Answer :- iPAD manages the workflow for purchasing agents. Using a form af an integrated collaboration environment, or ICE, purchasing agents now participate in a simple three step process. The first step is iPad captures and sends a business event to the purchasing agent, such as the nedd to order vehicles front modules. Second, iPad attaches to that communications other necessary information such as information about potential suppliers, the ir costs, and others forms of analysis and descriptive information.The final steps is iPad send the corresponding business processes and work flows to be completed electronically. It works much like digital dashboard. When purchasing agent log onto the iPad portal in the morning, they receive a customized Web page with announcement, business alerts, analysis, and digital workflows to be completed. The purchasing agents can set out immediately to complete the task of the day, without having to spend 705 of their time finding. iPad also customizes the Web page according to the purchasing agent’s native language.

Path of the Stars Essay

The song â€Å"Stars† from the musicale Les Miserables is sung by Inspector Javert near the end of Act I when he realized that it was Jean Valjean whom he had helped escape from the group of Thenardier. Inspector Javert is a rather curious character. A good characterization of him is well laid-out in the novel. However, in the musicale version, only snippets of Javert’s personality can be gleamed when observed carefully. â€Å"Stars† may not be one of the internationally renowned songs from musicale like â€Å"I Dreamed a Dream† and â€Å"On My Own†, but it offers a good insight into the way Inspector Javert sees himself as a law-enforcement agent, law-breakers like Jean Valjean, and his obsession, bordering on madness, in the pursuit of law-breakers, especially Jean Valjean, to face justice. Javert’s sees himself as one of the stars, â€Å"filling the darkness with order and light †¦sentinels, silent and sure, keeping watch in the night. † He sees himself as an unobtrusive individual in society keeping the order and standing as a vanguard of peace always on the watch. He is always there to maintain the peace in society. He believes that each of us, like the stars, knows his proper place and function in society and those who stray from their fixed and sure paths, law-breakers and fugitives, â€Å"must pay the price† and face justice. Law-breakers are stars that have lost their way, men who have deviated from their roles in society. They flee in the dark for they are out of graces in the eyes of God, according to Javert. As a sacred duty, Javert has taken it into himself, swearing by the stars, that he would not rest until these fugitives are brought to face justice. This duty is his role in society; his course and aim in the skies as one of the stars, â€Å"and so it must be, for so it is written. † If we follow Javert’s philosophy that all men in society are but stars with fixed path in the skies and those stars that fall from their paths â€Å"fall in flame,† this same philosophy gives us an idea of how hard Javert could be even to himself. If and when Javert, as a star in the sky, deviates from his fixed path he, as well, must pay the price. This insight into the thinking of Javert’s gives as a dark foreboding of what may happen in case he fails in his pursuit of Jean Valjean (as the case would be in Act II). Javert may not be one of the most amiable characters in the musicale Les Miserables but he gives us a good picture of a segment of our society today. People who tend to be fanatical and rigid in their views are epitomized by Javert. I am not a good authority to pass judgment on people like Javert. To some extents I agree with Javert that each of us has a role in society and when we falter we should pay the consequences. But I do not agree in the rigid application of justice as espoused by Javert. I believe that when a person commits a wrong we must temper our judgment by hearing out the reasons of the offender, assuming good-naturedly that he committed such offense unintentionally. I believe in justice with compassion. Justice, after all, has always been depicted as a lady blindfolded so that she may hear and weight with her heart the arguments laid before her.

Beowulf Quote Discussion Essay - 980 Words

Megan Lai English 10H DiSalvo 17th September, 2014 HCTA: Beowulf Theme: Wisdom is a more valuable weapon than physical strength. Quote 1: And that night Grendel came again, so set / On murder that no crime could ever be enough, / No savage assault quench his lust / For evil. Then each warrior tried / To escape him, searched for rest in different / Beds, as far from Herot as they could find, / Seeing how Grendel hunted when they slept. / Distance was safety; the only survivors / Were those who fled him. Hate had triumphed. (Beowulf 49-58) The night after the day of Grendel’s first attack, some of Hrothgar’s warriors fled Herot’s halls. The wisest fled-knowing that if they sought refuge someplace away from Herot,†¦show more content†¦/†¦ Suddenly / The sounds changed, the Danes started / In new terror, cowering in their beds as the terrible / Screams of the Almighty’s enemy sang / In the Darkness, the horrible shrieks of pain / And defeat, the tears torn out of Grendel’s / Taught throat, hell’s captive caught in the arms / Of him who of all the me n on earth / Was the strongest. (Beowulf 273-281, 305-313) In this passage, the story teller employs situational irony and imagery to demonstrate the tables turning on Grendel due to the hands of Beowulf. Had Grendel had the wisdom to actually check upon who was in the hall, he would never have been stuck in this predicament of the hunter becoming the hunted. With the usage of the quote â€Å"Grendel’s one thought was to run†, situational irony is extremely apparent. Grendel is now being hunted by Beowulf, instead of him hunting the inhabitants of Herot. To describe the suffering of Grendel, the author employs the use of various lines with adjectives, such as â€Å"In the darkness, the horrible shrieks of pain†. With the severity of Grendel’s pain having been stressed by imagery, we can now infer that he regrets not having the wisdom to avoid entering the mead hall. The theme of wisdom being a more valuable weapon than strength is not directly, but indire ctly demonstrated by the fact that Grendel could have avoided defeat at the hands of Beowulf if he hadShow MoreRelatedWhat Makes a Hero? Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pagessane individuals in today’s culture, people, even heroes, don’t simply walk into danger, like Beowulf. True, there are people who strive to challenge obstacles in our world. Beowulf does something slightly irregular, however. â€Å"Then the hero, stern under the gleaming helmet, with his stout mail-coat and think-plated shield, strode out to meet his foe.† Beowulf appears a madman after examining this quote. We must consider Beowulf’s motive as a result of his apparent audacity. Which is more of aRead MoreBeowulf Reader Response1459 Words   |  6 PagesThe poem begins with a discussion about Shield Sheafson , who was the king of the Thanes. He was a baby whose parents abandoned him and rose to the top. After Sheafson died, his son Beow became king in his place. Once he died, Hrothg ar became the ruler of the Thanes. Hrothgar brought fortune and success to the Thanes and in celebration of it he built a hall called Hereot, where he and his men gathered for festivities. For a good amount of time the Danes enjoyed peace until one Grendel, who was descendantRead MoreGrendel Character Analysis1077 Words   |  5 PagesIdentity in some ways can be achieved by both experiences, but also interact with dominant and impactful characters. The book, Grendel, is based on the tale of Beowulf which is a literary piece depicting the life and involvements of an adolescent beast named Grendel, who acquires hidden guidance. He identifies both with humans and creatures on a rational level ultimately trying to find his place in acceptance in the world. During his exciting journey, Grendel encounters a wise dragon who ultimatelyRead MoreTrace the Development of English Lit During Any One Period...as Part of Your Discussion Highlight How Significant Events in the Influence the Writi ng...Additionally Show How Characteristics of the Genre the Writer Uses3085 Words   |  13 PagesTrace the development of English lit during any one period...As part of your discussion highlight how significant events in the influence the writing...Additionally show how characteristics of the genre the writer uses reflects the period in which it was written. James Arthur Baldwin once stated that: know from whence you came. If you know whence you came, there are absolutely no limitations to where you can go. This quotation may apply to the span of the Anglo-Saxon period because of the coherentRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Samuel Langhorne Clemens1325 Words   |  6 Pagesto understand written history in the context of the time, and not just from one person’s view either. Santosh Kalwar once said that â€Å"Life does not change if you only modify the content, your life will change if you will dare to alter the context.†(Quotes About Context, Goodreads) So therefore, if the skills needed to analyze history in context are not taught in schools, people will be doomed to repeat it. 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It should start from a new line, indented five spaces from the left margin. Like other parts of the text it should be double spaced. In all cases, page(s) to be included as (p.27) or (pp. 27-28). For instance, FafunwaRead More Symbols and Symbolism in John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath2004 Words   |  9 Pagesauthors own vision and experience.   While acknowledging the Judeo-Christian content, these other symbols are just as important, and an exploration into their use in Steinbecks work, reveal their real significance. Much of the existing critical discussion of The Grapes of Wrath has focused on the pervasive Judeo-Christian symbolism of the work, particularly the identification of Jim Casy with Jesus Christ.   Undeniably, Steinbeck intended this association; but to attempt to force the books richRead MoreCourtly Love and Mediieval Romance7340 Words   |  30 Pageskind of love highlighted in many Christian literatures including the Beowulf or the song of the Roland is the religious traditional Agape kind of love-platonic/ Christian love for all humanity, as brothers and sisters of one family. The literature of the church was considered anti-feminists. In fact, in the middle ages the taste makes in feudal societies often said, marry not for love but for real estate and heir, and a common quote was ‘marry a fief and get a wife thrown in with the bargain’. In addition

The Argument About Mockingbird Essay Topics

The Argument About Mockingbird Essay Topics You have to know all facets of financial topics as soon as you choose them. A student ought to keep in contact with the hottest trends and know which persuasive essay topics are related to sound convincing in regards to defending personal opinions. Obviously, topics which are still relevant in 2018 are the very best. Possessing very good research abilities and selecting an excellent topic is important. The goal of brainstorming is to aid you in getting ideas. Any idea can prove to be a good foundation for a topic. Another good idea is to receive some completely free essay examples of different sorts and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a prosperous debatable paper looks. Mockingbird Essay Topics and Mockingbird Essay Topics - The Perfect Combination Good persuasive essay topics need to be persuasive. Weave in your perspective to create your essay unique. If you're thinking about how to compose a persuasive essay, you should know that writing an essay is a complicated procedure. Always remember a great persuasive essay needs to be persuasive. It will be simpler that you compose a superior persuasive essay if it's a subject in which you have knowledge. Qualities of a great persuasive essay topic The topic needs to be specific. Take notes concerning all possible topics you'll be able to consider. There are a lot of intriguing topics that could be become a persuasive essay if you take the opportunity to think about doing it. Drugs have to be illegal all around the world. Freedom of choice is wonderful. Problems connected with drugs are somewhat contradictive. For a student in the center school the typical topics are linked to science and history. There are several persuasive essay topics to pick from to finish your high school or college assignment. Before students begin to write, it is a very good idea for them to earn a list of the points they would like to make to their readers. Many students think that it is a waste of time. Here's What I Know About Mockingbird Essay Topics There are just a few things that define whether an essay you're working on is going to be a good one. At precisely the same time, it's a terrific persuasive essay idea. After you settle on this issue and select the position on which you will base your essay, the remainder of the job can then begin. You may trust us to offer expert aid for many of your academic writing needs. The big distinction is that the argumentative essay should demonstrate a discussion instead of a single opinion. Still, figuring out the very best topic for your essay isn't your only concern for a student. Persuasive essays are a fantastic method to encourage the reader to check at a particular topic in a different light. So, the best method to compose an excellent persuasive essay is to locate a theme you're familiarized with and wish to share your experience with the reader. Textbooks are obsolete and must be replaced by iPads. Students are accustomed to the simple fact which their professors give them with the assignment's topic. The teachers don't always assign the specific topic. A survival program should develop into a must-have for each family in the event of natural disasters. There are positive and negative people. Many people wind up covering the very same tired topics they see in the media every day, only because they can't produce a better idea. All people ou ght to be permitted to receive free high education. An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. If nobody knows the way to write or read cursive handwriting, the shape of communication is going to be lost, some believe. It's highly recommended that you just pick the topic that you are able to deal with, for instance, if you're not t sketching the personality characteristics then you need to better not elect for it. The absolute most important part is your wisdom and comprehension. Prior exposure or knowledge about a specific subject provides better hindsight which may bring much better arguments on the issue. You need to set up facts, possess the confidence and demonstrate the crystal clear evidence of your private viewpoint to certain phenomenon. Demonstrate or give examples to produce the audience understand the way that it works and the way that it solves the issue. How to Get Started with Mockingbird Essay Topics? Therefore, you've got to discover enough substan tial evidence for the specific topic. The subject can be associated with science or literature. Even if you think in a specific argument very strongly, if you lack the evidence to demonstrate your point, then your argument might just be as great as lost. Normally, having three important arguments to demonstrate your point is sufficient for a convincing paper.

Research Paper on the Effects of Mass Media on the Perfect...

How can you determine what body image should be? The desire for the perfect body has been prevalent throughout society for a vast majority of time. What makes teenage girls feel the need to strive for this â€Å"perfect body†? Some have asked, â€Å"†¦a rapidly growing body of research addresses the question of whether body perfect ideals in the mass media are a core risk factor for negative body image, particularly in women† (Dittmar, Helga) My hypothesis is â€Å"Does the media influence adolescent girl’s weight concerns and their perceptions of body weight and shape?† The media in many aspects controls the way that people see themselves and the way they do things. So with teenagers striving to look like what they see in the media some of them go†¦show more content†¦So in my research I will test girls from the ages of 13-19 from high school and college. I will give them surveys that will ask how much media they are exposed to. With quest ions that see if they are watching TV shows like 90210, or Melrose Place and magazines such as Seventeen, and Cosmopolitan. Then the girls can then be split into two groups; Group 1 with the girls that are exposed to little forms of media, and Group 2 with girls that are exposed to many forms of media. They then will be given another survey that will ask how much they weigh, how they see themselves, and what type of body image they desire. Body-image is being measured by the â€Å"conceptualized as a multidimensional construct that represents how individuals think, feel, and behave with regard to their own physical attributes (Morrison , Kalin) If Group1, the group with little exposure to media, has a normal body perception and doesn’t desire a skinnier body image in contrast to Group 2. Where Group 2, the group an immense exposure to media, has poor body perceptions and desires a skinner body. The conclusion then can be made that the amount of media exposure has an influen ce on body image and perception. There are many challenges that can come up during research on the â€Å"perfect body† image. SomeShow MoreRelatedMedia s Impact On Media Consumption Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesaccess an infinite amount of resources on the internet, 24 hours a day 7 days a week (XXXX). The rapid technological advancements has shifted the consumption of media from television, magazines and billboards to online digital media channels accessed via mobile devices, creating a ‘bedroom culture’ (Sumner, 2016) for many. The shift in media consumption has particularly been induced by the emergence of Social Networking Sites as well as other online platforms, which have become an integral part ofRead MoreMass Media Effects on Women1721 Words   |  7 Pages2012 Mass media Effects on women Advertisement put adverse impact on women’s these could be internal or external. 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Sociology of Hiphop free essay sample

Hip hop itself is a hustle and rappers have used it as a legitimate mean to make money and to establish a Black economic power in a mainstream society (Garner, 2009). This being said, hustling was rooted in the poor urban communities of the united States and was a viable alternative for those reprimanded by the oppression exerted from the White America. Hip Hop was their voice, and through this art each artists has engaged the Image of the black hustler into their music at deferent point of time, but their various ways of representing hustling in their situational setting share a common standpoint and background.Hustling was the response of the harsh realities endured by the African Americans and other group of minorities In the United States beginning in the mid ass (Garner, 2009). They were living in poor living conditions and were faced with racism, discrimination, poor economic resources, decreased opportunity and struggled to get their rights heard. Hustling was a cool pose which they adopted as a way to cope with the restrictive effects of their environment. The process of hustling implied a series of coping mechanisms through the adoption of behaviors, attributes and lifestyles to accommodate, ultimate ones manhood and to assure their survival. Those mechanisms adopted from Individuals living In poor communities were more or less against the values and norms of the mainstream society in which they were embedded. In fact, the hustler operated outside of the mainstreams moral correctness and constitute but not limited to the drug dealers, the pimps and the gangsters (Garner, 2009).Perhaps, the tragic trinity of hustling reinforced the stereotypes of the African American as drug dealers, pimps, gangsters and prostitutes by not leaving room for other types of hustling perceived as being more legitimate. It implies the criminal lifestyle adopted by a number of disadvantaged African Americans as a mean to make money and to rid them from their economic hardship. This over generalization of hustling is supported since rappers themselves glorify this lifestyles which In turn Is mimic by the vulnerable Black population.One of the first rappers to have put the society off guard and to violate its moral correctness through his offensive and explicit lyrics is Ice Cube (Garner, 2009). Growing up in the ass In South Central where there was an over unemployment amongst black males because of thousands of manufacturing bobs lost due to the economic crisis, the only way to escape this reality was by joining a gang, selling drugs or joining the music industry (Canton, 2006). Along with some friends from the ghetto he formed the group NNW.A track from the former group titled Gangs Gangs, details the trajectory of the hustling life of disadvantage Black African American: Heres a little something bout a Amiga like me Never should been let out the penitentiary Ice Cube would like TA say That Im a crazy mouth back from around the way Since I was a youth, I smoked weed out Now Im the mouth back that yea read about Thats what the hell I do, you dont like how Im living Well buck you!. Gangs, Gangs!Thats what theyre yelling Its not about a salary, its all about reality KIRKS One Hoping you sophisticated motherless hear what I have to say This part of the song portrays the gan gs life that Ice Cube and his fellow band members undertook. It clearly represents what the tragic trinity of hustling, which is the criminal lifestyle of the Black Man. However he had the ability to take that negative image and make money out of it and to become one of the pioneer of gangster rap music.In the early ass, a new philosophy of hustling emerged in the poor streets of black communities in the United States, the thug life. The thug life movement was introduced and put into practice by Outpace Shaker. Growing up in the poor neighborhoods of New York and belonging to a family of Black Panthers pioneers, he quickly understood that his life as a young African American in a restrictive and mainstream society wouldnt be easy (Edwards, 2002) Unlike any other rappers of his generation, he was aware and was involved at an early age in the Black political movement working against the oppression of the White America.It is by the aid of hip hop and by internalizing the identity of the black gangs, that he found a solution to overcoming the str uggle, poverty and misery faced by minorities community but mostly the Black African Americans. The thug life was a way of coping the injustice inflicted in the black community. It was an acceptance of the terms of society by adopting a lifestyle that will allow them to succeed against all odds ( Stanford, 2011). In other words, thugs refers to those living the difficult experience of the ghetto life, but trying to compensate their suffering through illegal assure of action.Outpace understood that in order to create at Black Power, it is by the aid of those people who uses illegitimate mean to survive and seen as deviant in society. Like the lyrics of his song Changes suggests: We goat make a change Its time for us as a people to start making some changes. Lets change the way we eat, lets change the way we live and lets change the way we treat each other. You see the old way wasnt working so its on us to do what we goat do, to survive Outpace reinforced the idea of a collective act as a back up plan for survival.We need to move away from the violent lifestyle that is killing our people who are experiencing the same suffering. Instead we have to build a community of thugs who share the same background and if they could come to an understanding, the hustler for a better living will come true. This is why Outpace suggested we should follow a code of thug life that is designated to politicized gang members or others activist to oppose the racist and economic oppression and to come to a better way of hustling by working together to improve community hardship (Stanford, 2011). Hustling was huge phenomenon that topped the chart of the U. S Billboard music chart in 2006. Powerful Miami drug dealer, turned himself into a gangs rapper and through his song, he promoted his lifestyle of hustling as a drug dealer. Every day Im hustling, Everyday Im hustling is well represented in the music video and gives us a broader view of what hustling consists of. In the beginning of the video, we see Rick Ross drive passing a woman selling water and another woman selling food from a truck. This moves away from stereotype of the tragic trinity of a black criminal male making an illicit income.However we see women that can be mothers struggling to survive who try to make some extra money. Because these days hip hop is over commercialese, the figure of the black hustler as a gangs or a drug dealer is a sell out and is well fitted in the screen. Rick Ross understood this and managed to portray this aspect of hustling in his first verse of his debut rap song: Who the buck you think you bucking with, Im the bucking boss Seven forty-five, white on white thats bucking Ross I cut me wide, I cut me long, I cut me fat (What) I keep me coming back (What), we keep me coming backIm in the distribution, Im like Atlantic I got them motherless flying cross the Atlantic. .. We see again in this portion of the verse the lifestyle of a black hustler. Rick Ross embodies the inner role or a boss drug dealer who owns a powerful drug business with people working for him which is in the process of making an illicit black economy which is societys views of the black hustler. As mentioned earlier, hustling is a coping process adopted by the marginalia communities for survival purposes but through this process, a stereotype of the black hustler have emerged from the mainstream society.This stereotype have been passed and fulfilled from rappers to rappers in order to exploit the image and gain recognition or financial mean through it. Then again hustling is a way of life to survive the injustice imposed on the poor communities and rappers have managed to talk freely about it and to promote that lifestyles that some considered criminal and non legitimate. BIBLIOGRAPHY Canton, D. A. (06/2006). The Political, Economic, Social, and Cultural Tensions in Gangs Rap. Reviews in American History, 34(2), 244-257 Edwards, W. (09/2002). From Poetry to Rap: The Lyrics of Outpace Shaker. WesternGarner, L. J. (09/2010). Cant Knock The Hustle: Hustler Masculinity In African American Culture. Protest, 71(3), 943 Stanford, K. L. (01/2011). Keeping It Real in Hip Hop Politics: A Political Perspective of Outpace Shaker. Journal of Black Studies, 42(1), 3-22 APPENDIX A N. W. A. Lyrics Gangs Gangs Heres a little something bout a Amiga like me Taking a life or two Well buck you! This is a gang, and Im in it My man Drexel buck you up in a minute With a right left, right left youre toothless And then you say goddamn they ruthless! Everywhere we go they say [damn! ] N W Ass bucking up that programAnd then you realize we dont care We dont Just say no, we to busy saying yeah! To drinking straight out the eight bottle Do I look like a mouth bucking role model? Too kid looking up TA me Life anti nothing but bitched and money. Cause Im that type o Amiga thats built TA last If yea buck wit me Ill putt foot in yea ass See I dont give a buck cause I keep bailing You, what the buck are they yelling [Chorus:] Hoping you sophisticated motherless hear what I have to say [Verse Two: Ice Cube] When me and my posse stepped in the house Al l the punk-ass inning start breaking out Cause you know, they know haspsSo we started looking for the bitched with the big butts Like her, but she keep crying l got a boyfriend pitch stop lying Dumb-ass hooker anti until but a Dyke Suddenly I see, some inning that I dont like Walked over to me, and said, Hasps? Rene started stomping me, and so did E By that time got rushed by security Out the door, but we dont quit Rene said, Lets start some shot! I got a shotgun, and heres the plot Taking inning out with a flurry of buckshot Boom boom boom, yeah I was gunning And then you look, all you see is inning running And falling and yelling and pushing and screamingAnd cussing, I stepped back, and I kept busting And then I realized its time for me to go So I stopped, Jumped in the vehicle Its like this, because of that who-ride N. W. A. Is wanted for a homicide Cause Im the type of Amiga thats built to last Buck wit me, Ill put my foot in your ass See I dont give a buck, cause I keep bailing You, what the buck are they yelling? Hell tell you exactly how he feel, and dont want a bucking thing back [Verse Three: Ice Cube] Homiest all standing around, Just hanging Some dope-dealing, some gang-banning We decide to roll and we deep See a Amiga on Damsons and we creepReal slow, and before you know I had my shotgun pointed in the window He got scared, and hit the gas Right then, I knew I has to smoke his ass He kept rolling, I Jumped in the bucket We couldnt catch him, so I said buck it Then we headed right back to the fort Sweating all the bitched in the biker shorts We didnt get no play, from the ladies With six inning in a car are you crazy? She was scared, and it was showing We all said buck you pitch! and kept going To the hood, and we was fin to Find something else to get into A bum rush, but we call it rat pack On a Amiga for until at allIce Cubes go stupid when Im full of eight ball I might stumble, but I wont lose Now Im dressed in the county blues If you buck wit me, Ill put my foot in your ass I dont give a buck, cause I keep bailing [Interlude: Ice Cube, DRP. Drew] Wait a minute, wait a minute, cut this shot (Man watch goanna do now? ) What were goanna do right here is go way back How far you going back? Way back As we ago ill something like this Slick Rick Heres a ill gangs, short in size A t-shirt and Levies is his only disguise Built like a tank yet hard to hit Ice Cube and Easy E cold running shot [Verse Four: Easy E, MAC Rene]Well Im Easy E the one theyre talking about Amiga tried to roll the dice and Just crapped out Police tried to roll, so its time to go I creeper away real slow and Jumped in the six-of Wit the Diamond in the back, sun-roof top Digging the scene with the gangs lean Cause Im the E, I dont slang or bang I Just smoke motherless like it anti no than And all you bitched, you know Im talking to you We want to buck you Easy! I want to buck you too Cause you see, I dont really take no shot [So let me tell you motherless who youre bucking with] Its not about a salary, its all about reality KIRKS one Hell buck up you and yours, and anything that gets in his way Hell Just call you a low-life motherhoods, and talk about your funky ways APPENDIX B Outpace lyrics Come on come on I see no changes. Wake up in the morning and I ask myself, Is life worth living? Should I blast myself? Im tired of been poor and even worse Im black.My stomach hurts, so Im looking for a purse to snatch. Cops give a damn about a negro? Pull the trigger, kill a Amiga, hes a hero. Give the crack to the kids who the hell cares? One less hungry mouth on the welfare. First ship me dope let me deal to brothers. Give me guns, step back, and watch me kill each other. Its time to fight back, thats what Hey said. 2 shots in the dark now Hues dead. I got love for my brother, but we can never go nowhere unless we share with each other. We goat start making changes.Learn to see me as a brother stead of 2 distant strangers. And thats how its supposed to be. How can the Devil take a brother if hes close to me? Id love to go back to when we played as kids but things changed, and thats the way it is [Bridge w/ changing ad libs] Thats Just the way it is Tithings never be the same awe yeah [Repeat] I see no changes. All I see is racist faces. Misplaced hate makes disgrace to races we under. I wonder what it takes to make this one better place Lets erase the wasted. Take the evil out the people, theyll be acting right. Cause both black and white are smoking crack tonight. And only time we chill is when we kill each other. It takes skill to be real, time to heal each other. And although it seems heaven sent, we anti ready to see a black President, uh. It anti a secret dont conceal the fact. .. The penitentiarys packed, and its filled with blacks. But some things will never change. Try to show another way, but they staying in the dope game. Now tell me whats a mother to do? You goat operate the easy way. l made a G today But you made it in a sleazy way. Selling crack to the kids. l goat get paid, Well hey, well thats the way it is. [Bridge] [Talking:] We goat make a change What we goat do, to survive. And still I see no changes. Cant a brother get a little peace? Theres war on the streets the war in the Middle East. Instead of war on poverty, they got a war on drugs so the police can bother me. And I anti never did a crime I anti have to do. But now Im back with the facts giving me back to you. Dont let me Jack you up, back you up, crack you up and pimp smack you up.You goat learn to hold yea own. They get Jealous when they see yea with yea mobile phone. But tell the cops they cant touch this. I dont trust this, when they try to rush I bust this. Thats the sound of my tune. You say it anti cool, but mama didnt raise no fool. And as long as I stay black, I goat stay strapped I never get to lay back. Cause I always got to worry bout the pay backs. Some buck that I roughed up way back. .. coming back after all these years. Rat-a-tat- tat-tat-tat. Thats the way it is. uh [Bridge till fade:] Some things will never change