International Monetary Fund :: essays research papers

-International fiscal lineage-Addressing Fundamental Economic Goals On an International LevelThe International M unitytary Fund is an important section that makes world trade less strenuous. The International Monetary Fund, or IMF as it is called, provides support and supervision to nations in all stages of frugal progress. International trade is a key element to enable nations, large and small, to strengthen their economical positions. Larger nations need the international market to export their goods and services, and littler nations also need this world scale market to import products so they are able to produce more efficiently. In order to achieve these goals, one major component must be in place. The ability to value other nations currency. Throughout the years, many different ways have been used to do this, mostly ending in failure. There is no perfect way to accurately measure the true value of another countrys currency. The International Monetary Fund is an effort to s ee each countrys economic position, offer suggestions, and provide the fundamental economic security that is essential to a thriving (world) economy. Many of the domestic economic goals are reiterated by the INF on an international level. To understand the current INF we will investigate the events leading up to its existence. Between 1879 and 1934 major nations used a manner of international exchange known as the Gold Standard. The Gold Standard was simply a fixed-rate system. The rate was fixed to gold. In order for this system to function properly three things had to happen. First, each nation had to define its currency to gold (this definition then could not change). Second, each nation must than maintain a fixed relationship to its supply of money and its amount of actual gold. Third, the on-hand gold must be allowed to be exchanged freely between any nations passim the world. With all of those policies successfully in place, the exchange rates of the participating countries would then be fixed to gold, therefore to each other. To successfully maintain this relationship more or less adjustments had to be made from time to time. For example, two countries A and B are doing international business together and A buys more of Bs products than B buys of As. Now B doesnt have enough of As currency to pay for the excess products purchased. B now has whats called a balance of payment deficit. In order to correct for this deficit the sideline must occur Actual gold must now be transferred to A from B.

Quest for The Dream in Black Girl Lost and Makes Me Wanna Holler :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Quest for The daydream in dark-skinned Girl Lost and Makes Me Wanna Holler Donald Goines Black Girl Lost (1973) and Nathan McCalls Makes Me Wanna Holler (1994) are two works written by male authors who piss first-year hand knowledge about the African American experience. A difference between the two works is that McCalls myth is an autobiography of his life growing up in the streets/ghetto and Goines is a fictional story about growing up in the streets/ghetto, but from a young black female perspective. Although Goines Black Girl Lost is not an autobiography, he and McCall parcel similar struggles and hardships in their backgrounds that give them the motivation to write about the black experience. Both authors have been praised for the realism in their writing (Lamb 1997,OCAAL 1997). Goines has been specifically recognized by critic Greg Goode, for his ghetto realism w/o glamorization (OCAAL 1997). Black Girl Lost (Goines 1973) and Makes Me Wanna Holler (McCall 1994), both g ive a voice to the African American minority. The African American and minority themes The Dream and Choice / Self Determination are very significant in the two texts. The right choices have to be made and one must continue to have self- determination in order to reach The Dream. In the two texts, both characters make trade of good and bad choices and continuously try to have self- determination in order to achieve The Dream, but their choices and determination led the characters to very variant places. There are three variables that may not cause, but can contribute to the African American not being able to achieve The Dream by causing conflict in their choices and self- determination. The three variables are family and friend environments, individual needs and anxieties, and low motivation among minority members. Some of the variables are causes and consequences of outrage & discrimination (Marger 1997). The environment that people are surrounded by can have an enormous effect on their actions or circumstances that they are in. Therefore, the first variable to compare and contrast in the two texts is the Family and Friends Environment. In Black Girl Lost (1973), Goines has his main character, Sandra, being the only child of a superstar parent home were her mother is constantly drinking, entertaining different men, partying and never taking the responsibility for herself or her daughter. They hardly ever eat or have any money.